How a HECM reverse mortgage works
A Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM) — the FHA-insured loan most people mean by "reverse mortgage" — lets homeowners 62 and older convert home equity into cash with no monthly mortgage payments. Interest accrues onto the balance instead of being paid down, and the loan comes due when the last borrower sells, moves out for good, or dies. You keep the title the whole time; the lender holds a lien, exactly like a regular mortgage. You do stay on the hook for property taxes, insurance, and upkeep — falling behind on those can trigger default.
How much you can borrow is set by HUD's principal limit factor (PLF) tables: a percentage of your home's value (capped at the 2026 FHA HECM limit of $1,249,125) that rises with the youngest borrower's age and falls as expected interest rates rise. Any existing mortgage must be paid off from the proceeds first — for many borrowers, killing that monthly payment is the entire point.
The formula (a simplified estimate)
This calculator approximates the PLF as 0.30 + 0.007 × (age − 62) at a 7% expected rate, with the base rising to 0.35 at 6% and 0.40 at 5%. That's a deliberately simplified stand-in — actual HUD PLF tables vary by exact age and rate combination, and your quote will differ. The ~$15,000 covers typical upfront costs: the 2% FHA initial mortgage insurance premium, origination, and closing fees, which are usually financed out of the proceeds. Treat every number on this page as a rough educational estimate; the real figures come from a HUD-approved counselor and lender.
Worked example
A 70-year-old with a $500,000 home, a $120,000 remaining mortgage, and an expected rate of 6%: the estimated PLF is 0.35 + 0.007 × 8 = 40.6%, so the principal limit is about $203,000.
Subtract the $120,000 payoff and roughly $15,000 in upfront costs, and the estimated funds available are $68,000 — plus no more monthly mortgage payment, which was costing real money every month too.
The two levers, your heirs, and the mandatory counseling
Only two inputs move the needle much: age and rates. Each year of age adds roughly 0.7 percentage points of borrowing power, and a one-point drop in expected rates adds about five — so a 75-year-old at 5% can tap nearly half the home's value (a 49.1% PLF in this model) while a 62-year-old at 7% gets under a third. If your number disappoints, waiting is genuinely a strategy.
For heirs: a HECM is non-recourse. When the loan comes due, heirs can keep the home by repaying the balance or 95% of appraised value, whichever is less — or walk away and let the sale settle it, with any leftover equity going to the estate and any shortfall eaten by FHA insurance, never by your kids. And before any of this can happen, HUD requires a session with a HUD-approved counselor — it's mandatory, it costs around $125–$200, and it's where you'll get the real numbers this page can only approximate.