How the concrete math works
Concrete is ordered by volume, so every pour comes down to the same move: convert all your dimensions to feet, multiply them into cubic feet, and divide by 27 to get cubic yards — the unit ready-mix plants and most suppliers quote. The trap is mixed units: slab thickness and footing widths are measured in inches, so they get divided by 12 first. This calculator handles the conversions and always rounds the yardage up, because in concrete work the only unforgivable estimate is a low one.
The formulas
All results are in cubic feet; divide by 27 for cubic yards. L, W, and H are in feet; slab thickness T, footing width W and depth D, and column diameter are in inches. For columns, dia ÷ 24 converts the diameter in inches to a radius in feet.
Worked example
A 10 × 10 ft patio slab, 4 inches thick: 10 × 10 × (4 ÷ 12) = 33.33 cu ft, which is 33.33 ÷ 27 = 1.2346 → 1.24 cu yd rounded up. With a 10% waste margin you'd order about 1.36 cu yd — in practice, ask the plant for 1.5.
In bags, that same slab is 75 sixty-lb bags (at 0.45 cu ft each) or 56 eighty-lb bags (at 0.60 cu ft each) — over two tons of material to haul and mix. This pour is squarely in ready-mix territory.
Never order exact — the cold-joint rule
Order 5-10% more than the calculated volume, on purpose and every time. Subgrades dip, forms flex outward under the weight, and wheelbarrows and chutes keep their share. The calculator shows the exact number and a +10% row so you can see both — the padding is a decision you make, not something hidden in the math. Here's why it matters more than the cost of the extra half yard: if you run short mid-pour, the first batch starts curing before the make-up load arrives, and the seam between them — a cold joint — is a permanent weak plane that cracks first and lets water in. Extra concrete costs a few dollars; a cold joint is forever. Over about one cubic yard, skip the bags entirely and order ready-mix: 45+ bags means hours of mixing, inconsistent water ratios, and the last batch poured an hour after the first — which is its own cold-joint risk.