Why your computer thinks 0.1 + 0.2 isn't 0.3
Type 0.1 + 0.2 into most programming languages, spreadsheets, or online calculators and you'll get 0.30000000000000004. That's not a bug in the software so much as a consequence of how computers store numbers: in binary floating point, where every number must be built from halves, quarters, eighths, and so on. One tenth in binary is 0.0001100110011… repeating forever — just like 1/3 never terminates in decimal — so the computer stores the closest binary fraction it can, which is very slightly off. Add two slightly-off numbers and the error peeks out in the last digit. The same glitch makes 0.3 − 0.1 come out as 0.19999999999999998 and 0.3 ÷ 0.1 as 2.9999999999999996.
This calculator sidesteps the whole mess by working the way you were taught in school: it counts in whole-number units of the smallest decimal place. 0.1 + 0.2 becomes 1 tenth + 2 tenths = 3 tenths = 0.3, exactly.
The place-value rules
Each digit's position sets its value: tens, ones, tenths, hundredths, thousandths. Adding and subtracting only works between digits of the same place value — that's all "line up the points" means. For multiplication, the decimal places of the factors add together: a 3-place number times a 1-place number gives a 4-place answer.
Worked examples
Addition: 0.1 + 0.2 = 1 tenth + 2 tenths = 0.3 — exactly, with no trailing …00004.
Multiplication: 1.005 × 2.3 → multiply 1005 × 23 = 23,115, then count 3 + 1 = 4 places back: 2.3115.
Division: 0.3 ÷ 0.1 → shift both one place: 3 ÷ 1 = 3. (Binary floating point famously answers 2.9999999999999996 here.)
When the digits never end
Exact arithmetic has one honest limit: some divisions have no exact decimal answer at all. 1 ÷ 3 = 0.333… repeats forever, and no calculator on earth can print it in full. A division terminates only when the divisor, reduced to lowest terms, is built purely from 2s and 5s — the prime factors of 10. That's why ÷4, ÷8, and ÷2.5 come out clean, while ÷3, ÷7, and ÷1.1 (which is 11/10) repeat. When that happens, this calculator shows the result rounded to 12 decimal places and tells you it did — which beats quietly pretending the number stopped there.